Last data update: May 06, 2024. (Total: 46732 publications since 2009)
Records 1-4 (of 4 Records) |
Query Trace: Nichols Heitman K[original query] |
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Acute and chronic Q fever national surveillance - United States, 2008-2017
Cherry CC , Nichols Heitman K , Bestul NC , Kersh GJ . Zoonoses Public Health 2021 69 (2) 73-82 Q fever is a zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii and can manifest in an acute or chronic form. Many persons with acute Q fever are asymptomatic, but some develop a febrile illness, pneumonia or hepatitis. Chronic infections are rare and occur in less than 5% of persons exposed. Forms of chronic Q fever include endocarditis, infection of vascular grafts or aneurysms, osteomyelitis and osteoarthritis. Acute and chronic Q fever are nationally notifiable diseases, and presented here are the incidence, demographics and distribution of acute and chronic Q fever in the United States during 2008-2017. We summarized passive surveillance data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's (CDC) National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) and supplemental case report forms (CRFs). Health departments reported 1,109 cases of acute Q fever and 272 chronic Q fever cases to NNDSS during this period. The 10-year average annual incidence for acute Q fever was 0.36 cases per million persons, and the average annual incidence for chronic Q fever was 0.09. Males accounted for nearly 75% of both acute and chronic Q fever cases. Average annual incidence was highest among persons aged 60-69 years for both acute and chronic Q fever (0.70 cases per million persons and 0.25, respectively). As reported through CRFs, many Q fever cases did not have a known exposure to C. burnetii; 60% (n = 380) of acute Q fever cases did not report exposure to animals in the 2 months before symptom onset. Almost 90% (n = 558) did not report exposure to unpasteurized milk. Only 40% (n = 247) of persons with reported Q fever were employed in high-risk occupations. Even though Q fever is a rare disease in the United States, incidence doubled from 2008 to 2017. |
Epidemiology and clinical features of Rocky Mountain spotted fever from enhanced surveillance, Sonora, Mexico: 2015-2018
Alvarez D , Ochoa E , Nichols Heitman K , Binder AM , Alvarez G , Armstrong PA . Am J Trop Med Hyg 2020 104 (1) 190-197 Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), caused by Rickettsia rickettsii, is a severe and potentially fatal tick-borne disease. In 2015, Mexico issued a declaration of epidemiologic emergency in response to ongoing outbreaks of RMSF in northern Mexico. Sonora state is one of the most heavily impacted states in Mexico, with historic case fatality rates (CFRs) of 18%. We summarized data from enhanced surveillance to understand demographic, clinical, and treatment factors associated with the high mortality. We conducted a retrospective review of confirmed and probable RMSF cases reported to the General Directorate of Health Promotion and Disease Prevention in Sonora. A case of RMSF is defined as fever (> 38.5°C), plus two symptoms, and epidemiologic criteria. A confirmed case requires laboratory evidence. During 2015-2018, a total of 510 cases of RMSF were reported; 252 (49%) were in persons aged ≤ 18 years. Case fatality rate was 44% (n = 222). Older age and being confirmed by PCR were associated with fatal outcome (P-value < 0.01). The mean time from onset of symptoms to treatment with doxycycline was 7.9 days (SD ± 5.5). Hot spot analysis revealed neither areas of inordinately high nor low incidence, rather clusters of disease in population centers. The CFR for RMSF in Sonora remains high, and a large proportion of cases are seen in persons aged ≤ 18 years. Whereas previously children experienced a disproportionately high CFR, interventions have reversed this trend. Disease clusters in urban nuclei, but location remains a predictor of fatal outcome. |
Description of Eschar-associated rickettsial diseases using passive surveillance data - United States, 2010-2016
Drexler N , Nichols Heitman K , Cherry C . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2020 68 (5152) 1179-1182 What is already known about this topic? Eschars are a clinical sign used to differentiate less severe rickettsioses from potentially deadly Rocky Mountain spotted fever. What is added by this report? Eschars are infrequently reported in tickborne rickettsial disease (TBRD) surveillance data and represent an underutilized resource to aid in distinguishing the various spotted fever group Rickettsia. Although 1% of total TBRD case reports during 2010-2016 documented the presence of an eschar, 81% of cases lacked information on eschars altogether. What are the implications for public health practice? Systematic reporting of the presence or absence of eschars on the TBRD case report form can improve the quality of surveillance data and enhance understanding of the impact of spotted fever rickettsioses in the United States. © 2020 Department of Health and Human Services. All rights reserved. |
Diagnostic methods used to classify confirmed and probable cases of spotted fever rickettsioses - United States, 2010-2015
Binder AM , Nichols Heitman K , Drexler NA . MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2019 68 (10) 243-246 Spotted fever rickettsioses (SFR), including Rocky Mountain spotted fever (RMSF), are nationally notifiable diseases in the United States caused by spotted fever group Rickettsia. The annual incidence of SFR increased from 1.7 cases per 1 million persons in 2000 to 13.2 in 2016 (1,2). Although this demonstrates a substantial increase in SFR cases, the actual magnitude of the increase is questionable because the current case definition allows for nonspecific laboratory criteria to support diagnosis (3). To analyze the quality of laboratory data used to support the diagnosis of SFR cases with illness onset during 2010-2015, CDC examined supplementary case report forms. Among 16,807 reported cases, only 167 (1.0%) met the confirmed case definition, and the remaining 16,640 (99.0%) met the probable case definition. The most common supportive laboratory evidence for probable cases was elevated immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody titer by indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA), which was reported for 14,784 (88.8%) probable cases. Antibodies to spotted fever group Rickettsia can persist for months or years following infection, making a single antibody titer unreliable for diagnosing incident disease without a convalescent specimen. Increased use of molecular assays and use of paired and appropriately timed IFA IgG testing practices could improve understanding of SFR epidemiology and increase the accuracy of disease incidence estimates. |
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- Page last updated:May 06, 2024
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